since 1978, when china began opening its economy to increased foreign investment and trade, aggregate output has more than doubled.
自从1978年以来,中国经济为日益增加的外国投资和贸易敞开大门,总量增加了一倍多。
technological progress in abatement must exceed growth in aggregate output inorder for pollution to fall and the environment to improve.
放缓的技术进步必须超过总产出的增长,以降低污染和改善环境。
for example, if the economy has an aggregate output of $10 trillion, total income payments in the economy (aggregate income) are also $10 trillion.
比如,如果一个经济机构有一笔10万亿美元的总产出,那么同样应该有10万亿元的总的收入。
in the paper, an exchange rate-output model consisting of iplm curve and aggregate output curve is built, indicating the inner relevance of the three-generation currency crises and models.
文章构造了一个由iplm曲线和总产出曲线构成的汇率—产出模型,揭示了三代货币危机模型的内在关联性。
in this paper, the authors try to provide an explanation based on knowledge accumulation which is classified into learning by doing and learning by r&d and included into the aggregate output equation.