in the time before capitalism, the aristocracy for the most part lived high by taking from the poor.
在资本主义出现之前的时代,大多数的贵族们靠剥削贫民来过过着奢侈的生活。
until modern times, the prerogative of the aristocracy after the disappearance of the white wedding dress became an ordinary bride.
直到现代,贵族的特权消亡后,白色的婚纱才成为普通人都能使用的。
rather as romans aspired to greek virtues, the new barbarian aristocracy aspired to live like romans.
正如罗马人为希腊美德而狂热,新到的蛮族贵族也迫切地希望能像罗马人一样生活。
the growth of a mercantile middle class, and the decline of the aristocracy in europe, led to more democratic tendencies, first in towns,and then in countries overall.
贸易商人的中产阶级的发展,以及欧洲贵族阶级的没落,使得民主成为一种趋势,首先在城市,然后在乡村。
her father remarried; and mary remembered her childhood as 「desolate」 although she belonged to the aristocracy of lexington, with high-spirited social life and a sound private education.
随后她的父亲再婚,尽管对生活充满激情并受过一系列的高等教育且作为莱克星敦的贵族,玛丽依旧记得她那自认为「孤寂」的童年。
this country has never had a genuine aristocracy or an aristocratic tradition.
这个国家从来没有出现真正的贵族和贵族传统。
there remained a fear within the aristocracy that he might attempt to reclaim his birthright, that his charisma was a threat to the new king and that he could now no longer be trusted.
贵族阶层中有一种担忧,就是他可能企图夺回他的权利,他的魅力对于新国王是一种威胁,而他如今不再受到信任。
the other difference between the party traditionalists and the new aristocracy was their attitude to luxury brands.
党传统主义者与新贵族的另外一个区别是他们对待奢侈品的态度。
in britain, though, 「middle class」 has come to refer to people who are actually well off, in part, perhaps, because a small aristocracy notionally occupies the top spot socially.
然而,在英国,「中产阶层」已经用来指称那些实际上很富裕的人,或许,部分因为少数贵族名义上占据着英国社会的上层。
europe’s aristocracy took the waters at mineral spas, often on the sites of former roman baths, to subject the ailing body to water treatment, rather than to cleanse away dirt.
欧洲的贵族将水引进矿物质温泉,经常就是在前罗马浴池的地方,将虚弱的身体泡在水里养生而不是为了清洁污垢。
texas, california, new york and many states in the south still have balls in the winter, where american aristocracy comes glammed-up to celebrate young women’s release into society.
德克萨斯、加利福尼亚、纽约和南部很多州在冬季仍有舞会,那些美国的贵族们盛装出席年轻女人进入社交圈的发布仪式。
in russia, a very different kind of uprising replaced the aristocracy of the czars with that of the soviet politburo.
在俄国,一场截然不同的革命使得沙皇的贵族统治被苏维埃政权所替代。
we may today think of the french aristocracy of the ancien régime as a class; but surely it was imagined this way only very late.
今天我们也许会把旧政权时代的法国贵族想成一个阶级;但是他们被想像成一个阶级当然是非常晚近的事。
in 1868, the revolution known as the meiji restoration began, turning japan in just a couple of decades from a feudal state run by a warrior aristocracy to a modernizing, industrial empire.
日本通过1868年的明治维新,仅用了短短的几十年时间,就把自己从一个由武士和贵族统治的封建国家变成了一个现代化的工业强国。