the grain refinement activity of master alloys are explained by considering the subdivising and dispersing of phase tial_3 and phase tic by shearing and thermal disturbance action on melt.
该过程对熔体的强烈剪切与热扰动作用,可改善中间合金的组织形态,显着提高其细化活性。
when double and multi-u-tube ground heat exchangers are used, heat transfers of the system decreases due to the thermal disturbance among the tubes.