urothelium normally consists of 4 to 6 layers of cells. the uppermost layer consists of umbrella cells (not well seen in this image) which may hae irregular hyperchromatic nuclei.

正常膀胱上皮含有4-6层上皮细胞。最浅表的一层里包括伞状细胞，细胞核呈不规则深染。

objective to establish immortalized cell line from the urothelium of the urinary bladder and identify the characteristics of the cell line.

目的建立膀胱尿路上皮永生化细胞系，并初步鑒定其生物学特性。

when s-gag were neutralized by ps, the water molecular layer were injury, which cause urothelium damage.

s-gag被ps中和，直接导致水分子层受损是上皮细胞损伤的触发因素。

these changes are similar to feature of ic, support the conclusion of dysfunction bladder urothelium may play an principal role in pathogenesis of ic.

上述改变尤其是慢性模型中的变化与在ic患者中见到的相似，为上皮细胞功能障碍在ic发病机制中发挥重要作用提供了依据。

patients and methods: expression_rs of 69 genes involved in known cancer pathways were quantified on bladder specimens from 58 patients with uc (stages ta-t4) and five normal urothelium controls.

患者与方法：对来自58例uc患者（分期ta-t4）和5例正常膀胱的对照的膀胱标本中已知的癌癥通路中涉及的69个基因的表达进行量化。

urothelium normally consists of 4 to 6 layers of cells.

正常膀胱上皮含有4-6层上皮细胞。

at high power the urothelial carcinoma does resemble urothelium but the thickness is much greater than normal and the cells show more pleomorphism.

高倍镜下，移行细胞癌的细胞很象尿道上皮，但比正常尿道上皮厚，且呈多形性。