a policy designed to redress past discrimination against women and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities;

"affirmative action has been extremely controversial and was challenged in 1978 in the Bakke decision"

most of these special accommodations sound very much like the kind of affirmative action proposed for women over the years—which in itself is an alarming flip.

这些特别的照顾听上去与当年为女生所采取的反歧视行动类似，这种转变本身就足以引人注意。

we could even have affirmative action for the ugly.

我们甚至可以向丑陋人群实行平权法案。

students discuss the issue of affirmative action and college admissions.

学生们讨论反歧视行动和大学招生问题。

a system of affirmative action has given caste greater potency.

国大党的行动实际上是支持了种姓制度拥护者的言行并赋予了他们更多的权力。

supporters of affirmative action hailed the decision as a landmark.

这个裁决引起了平权行动支持者的欢呼，称其为一个里程碑。

but he has never, professor chemerinsky noted in an interview, voted to uphold an affirmative action program.

不过，切穆任斯基教授在一次访谈中指出，他从来没有投票支持过平权措施。

on one occasion, he made a speech defending affirmative action that effectively articulated the objections to it.

有一次，他在一次为平权措施辩护的演讲中有效整合了反对意见。

as he describes it, this has merely enabled an anc-connected elite to enrich itself fabulously in the name of affirmative action officially meant to tip more of the economy into black hands.

如他所言,这项政策, 号称让那些与非洲国民大会党有关系的精英份子们, 以肯定的行为加强自己, 其实就是将经济更多地打赏到黑人手里罢了.

affirmative action is the product of american civil rights movement.

肯定性行动是美国民权运动高涨的产物。

kennedy, the author of the majority opinion, has long been skeptical of race-sensitive programs and had never before voted to uphold an affirmative action plan.

一贯对种族敏感的项目持怀疑态度，之前从来没有在投票中支持过平权行动计划。

when the supreme court upheld the principle of affirmative action in 2003, i thought of my black students, of how hard they worked and all they had to overcome.

2003年，最高法院判决支持了《平权法案》的原则，我想起了我的黑人学生，想起了他们付出的艰苦努力，想起了他们需要克服的所有困难。

「this is affirmative action gone berserk, 」 alito told his colleagues, adding that what they had done in the case was misguided and 「is simply wrong. 」

「这是平权行动的忘乎所以，」阿利托对同事们说。他称他们在受误导的情况下做出了「完全错误」的裁决。

were you a beneficiary of affirmative action and, if so, how did you deal with that when you found out about it and what was the effect of that on you?

如果是的话，当你发现这种情况你怎么处理？它对你有什么影响？

affirmative action by the back door, some critics say.

有批评家指出，这是变相的平权行动。