dalits, who were formerly known as untouchables because of their low caste status, are sometimes referred to abusively as chuhra and chamar.
达利特因为自身的低种姓地位以前被认为是「不可接触者」,有时也被辱骂成贱民。
a number of respondents also reported being asked – directly or indirectly – about their caste background by their family doctor, nurse or a community nurse.
报告中还说,许多被调查者被他们的家庭医生、护士或者社区护工直接和间接地问到其种姓背景。
the report says that the significant number of doctors from the indian subcontinent now indicated 「a potential for caste discrimination occurring in the healthcare sector」.
该报告称,大量来自印度次大陆的医生暗示:「在医疗保健行业,也有可能出现种姓歧视」。
many have duly complained of slights and inaccuracies; among the most zealous are hindus, who have succeeded in toning down descriptions of the caste system.
可以肯定,许多人抱怨过曾遭受怠慢和不公对待;最有说服力要数印度人,他们已成功削减了种姓制度的影响力。
over the decades a gandhian fondness for — some say idealization of — rural life has also kept people in villages, where the bonds of caste and custom remain strong.
过去几十年中,曾被甘地推崇的——或被一些人称之为理想化的——乡村生活把人们留在村庄里,在那些地方,种姓和习俗的纽带仍然强烈。
communities once fussy about caste are now prepared to buy young girls who do not even speak their language, though such unions are usually without formal weddings.
往昔讲究种姓的人家现在準备买连语言都不通的年轻姑娘,只不过这样的结合通常都缺少正式婚礼。
but her opponents, sensing a recent shift away from voting by caste in neighbouring bihar state, are hoping otherwise.
与之相反,她的反对者却注意到了隔壁的比哈尔州已经不再按照种姓投票。
room was also made for a group of writers who are little known, even in india: dalits, formerly known as 「untouchables」 at the bottom of hinduism’s caste system.
斋浦尔文学节也提供了机会给一群即使在印度也极少有人知道的作者:达利特,也就是以前在印度种姓制度下处于底层,被称为「贱民」的人【注】。
the answer lies in the old indian caste system.
答案在于古印度的种姓制度。
our relatively low inter-marriage rate might be explained by our cultural as well as racial differences, and our predilection for holding tightly to our caste systems and religions.
我们相对低的结婚率也许是因为我们的文化以及种族差别,还可能是因为我们偏爱坚持我们的种姓制度和宗教。
it’s certainly a vast improvement over a country in which millions were oppressed for being born into the wrong caste or gender or family.
此外,由于遍及整个国家的大范围改良,千百万出生时因为出生时的种姓、性别和家族原因而备受欺压的平民获得了重生。
for example, many village men currently pursue their traditional caste occupation, yet do not expect their sons to follow them.
例如,目前村里许多男人继续从事自己传统的种姓职业,但不指望他们的儿子子承父业。
「you can be any caste you like, but if you don’t have a mobile phone you are nobody」, he says.
你爱是哪个种姓就是哪个种姓,但是如果你没有手机,你就什么也不是。
yet there are many problems. there is grinding poverty as well as caste and communal tensions.
这个国家也面对许多问题,诸如种姓制度、极度贫困和民间对立。