maternal smoking remains one of the biggest risk factors for cot death.
母亲吸烟仍旧是婴儿猝死癥的最大的危险因素之一。
about 17.4% of children were exposed to maternal smoking in utero and 28.3% were exposed to at least one smoker at home.
大约17.4%的孩子在胎儿期就暴露于烟草烟雾中,而28.3%的孩子暴露于家中至少有1人吸烟的家庭中。
the study found that children exposed in the womb to maternal smoking had differences in dna methylation, an epigenetic mechanism in which small chemical compounds are added to dna.
研究发现,母亲孕期吸烟,孩子在dna甲基化上表现出差异,dna甲基化是一种表观遗传学机制,在这个过程中化学小分子添加到dna上。
epidemiologically, to distinguish the effect of active maternal smoking during pregnancy from involuntary tobacco smoking by the infants of smoking mothers is difficult.
从流行病来讲,很难区分母亲主动吸烟和被动吸烟的作用。
smoking exacerbates asthma, and maternal smoking during pregnancy increases the risk for the child.
吸尘会加剧哮喘,怀孕期母亲吸尘会增加孩子患病的风险。
in both studies, the connection was independent of iq, family income, race, or maternal smoking during pregnancy.
在两个研究中,这种联系和智商、家庭收入、种族或怀孕期间吸烟无关。