saussure「s principle of arbitrariness is not theorizable for he believes that the connection between the signifier and the signified is arbitrary.
索绪尔语言符号的任意性原则具有不可论证性。
and beyond all these lie two basic series of binary oppositions of structuralism: langue and parole, the signifier and the signified.
在他们具体的阐释背后,可以窥见结构主义文论最基本的两组二元对立项:语言与言语、能指与所指。
the book zhuang zi shows the trinity of fable, randomness and tautology, which is different from the signified of conceptual thinking but is the signifier with implied meanings.
《庄子》之文诗意表达是寓言、卮言、重言三位一体。这种三位一体,不同于概念思维规定性之所指的表达,而是作为寓旨性之能指的表达。
therefore, the signifier of 「the name- of -the-father」 does not necessarily relate to the character of 「father」, nor does it point to a certain person or a certain object.
因此,「父亲之名」的能指并不与「父亲」这个人物有必然的联系,也不固定指向某尹人或某物。
the motive power of the signifier and signified is circulating creation; they are two-faced relations of motive power.
能指与所指的动力因关系是创造循环的,二者是双面的动力因关系。
in wang shuo」s novels, negation thought is not only expressed at the signifier level but also at the signified level.
王朔用否定思维创作的小说,其否定精神不仅表现在小说的所指层面,而且表现在能指层面。