the research results indicate that there is a unilateral causal relationship between shanghai's economic growth and fdi, which is gdp does not granger cause fdi but fdi does granger cause gdp.
研究结果表明,上海经济增长与fdi之间并非互为因果关系,而是单方面因果,即外商直接投资对上海经济增长的影响远大于上海经济增长对外商直接投资的影响。