the traditional bi-level model formulation of these problems is transformed into a single-level continuously differentiable problem using a marginal function approach.
并提出了一种基于路段变量的连续可导的边际函数和距离函数,从而把两层规划转化成单层规划问题。
an exact integral expression of finite sum of sequence of a continuously differentiable function has been given, which can be used in approximate calculation with arbitrary accuracy.