mr obama, for his part, promised in 2008 not to raise taxes on the middle class; a vat would impose taxes on everybody.
奥巴马,在2008年的时候,承诺不对中产阶级增加税收负担,增值税呢,却是对大家都征收。
moreover, the rise in vat will push up inflation.
此外,增值税的上升也将推高通货膨胀率。
after bringing forward purchases to beat the vat rise, consumers are likely to cut back in early 2010.
消费者为对抗增值税的上升扩大消费,但之后可能会在2010年初减少开支。
but they do not understand how a vat works.
但是他们并不理解增值税的运行原理。
meanwhile there is to be a 「gradual revision」 of vat rates that could replace any revenue lost to government through lower income tax revenues.
与此同时,一个「逐步修订」的增值税可能将弥补政府由于降低所得税而带来的所有税收损失。
experts warned of even higher increases in the new year as vat rises in january from 17.5 per cent to 20 per cent and retailers shield consumers from price rises.
专家警告说,随着增值税在一月从17.5%上调至20%以及零售商对消费者价格上的保护,新的一年中更快的增长可能会到来。
but raising duty will be a short-term squeeze on household spending, with nothing like the hit of a vat increase, for example, which affects all products.
但是燃油税的增加将在短期内挤占家庭的支出。 就像没有人喜欢增值税的增加,它将影响到所有行业。
vat fraud, in which tax is charged as part of a transaction but not surrendered to any government, has long been a problem in the market.
增值税欺诈一直是该市场的一个问题,它是指税赋已经作为交易的一部分征收,但并未向任何政府上缴。
only around half of consumer spending is taxed at the standard vat rate of 20%, a low share compared with other rich countries.
而目前仅有一半左右的消费支出按照标準增值税20%的税率征税,这与其他富裕国家相比要低。
expanding the vat system to the service sector would also help reduce distortions.
而将增值税向服务业领域扩展也有助于减少扭曲。
they dipped the fabric in a vat of dye.
他们在染缸中浸染织品。
the gst would also spare indians from paying a 「cascade」 of taxes on taxes. accountants, for example, pay state vat on their physical inputs, such as pens and paper.
消费税还会把印度人从错综复杂的缴税「瀑布」中解放出来,例如,做会计的要为购入像笔和纸这样的实物缴纳增值税。
mr king said that the overshoot would be temporary, partly because it reflected the vat increase.
金说,这种超出预期是暂时的,部分是因为它反映了增值税的增加。
the commission should help countries align the way they apply directives, and find a way of simplifying vat payments.
委员会应该协助各国在运用指令时保持一致,并找到简化增值税支付的方法。
had the uk concentrated on building up infrastructure and jobs rather than wasting money on the vat cut, then we would be in a much stronger position.
要是英国集中精力搞基础设施建设和增加工作岗位而不是把钱浪费在削减增值税上,那么我们就会处于一个强得多的位置。
for example, the new sales tax finesses its election commitment to block the extension of vat to food and medicines.
例如,新的销售税巧妙地迎合了卡尔德龙之前的竞选承诺,没有将增值税延伸到食品和药品上。
but such a system distorts people’s choices. moving to a single rate of vat without exemptions would eliminate this distortion but it would also be regressive.
这种系统会扭曲人们的选择,而统一实行单一税率的增值税,可能会消除扭曲效应,但却带来累退式税收。
even if all the tax they pay is vat on expensive meals in london restaurants or stamp duty on flats in mayfair, it is still additional income for mr brown.
即使他们纳的税全是伦敦餐厅大餐的增值税或住在梅菲尔(译者注:伦敦上流住宅区)的公寓所上交的印花税,仍是布朗的额外收入。