英语释义

1. the biological process that involves the enzymatic breakdown of a cell's cytoplasm or cytoplasmic components (such as damaged or unneeded organelles or proteins) within the lysosomes of the same cell
Most of the time, cells sweep away this debris. They even recycle it for fuel. Through the process of autophagy, or "self-eating," cells create specialized membranes that engulf junk in the cytoplasm and carry it to a region of the cell called the lysosome, where the waste is broken down and burned for energy.
— Gretchen Reynolds Certain environmental cues (such as starvation, high temperature, low oxygen, hormonal stimulation) or intracellular stress (damaged organelles, accumulation of mutant proteins, microbial invasion) activate signalling pathways that increase autophagy.
— Beth Levine … proliferating [cancer] cells maintain a nutrient supply by hijacking a natural cell-housekeeping process called autophagy, in which cells chop up and dispose of damaged or obsolete cell components such as proteins.
— Nathan Seppa

2. digestion of cellular constituents by enzymes of the same cell

片语

autophagy gene自噬基因

autophage autophagy自体消瘦

cell autophagy细胞自噬

autophagy detail自身消耗

autophagy y自食己肉

Autophagy Library自噬库

Autophagy inhibitor自吞噬抑制剂

induced autophagy诱导自体吞噬

selective autophagy选择性自噬

英汉例句

• whereas the ubiquitin-proteasome system is involved in the rapid degradation of proteins, autophagy pathways can selectively remove protein aggregates and damaged or excess organelles.

  尽管在蛋白质快速降解过程中涉及泛素蛋白酶体系统，但是细胞自噬通道能选择地消除恶化和损坏的蛋白质以及过剩的细胞器。

• according to li, autophagy is the only known process that gets rid of abnormal proteins within cells.

  李敏表示，自吞噬是清除细胞内异常蛋白质的唯一途径。

• this review focuses on the processes of autophagy and its roles in cell survival and cell death.

  本文对自噬的过程及其在细胞存活和死亡中的作用作一综述。

• li「s team screened gou teng for its active compounds and tested which of these compounds increase the rate of autophagy and remove alpha-synuclein.

  李敏的团队通过刷选钩藤的有效成分，测试到底是哪种成分能提高自吞噬的速率，起到清除共核蛋白的效用。

• autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that is essential for survival, differentiation, development, and homeostasis.

  细胞自噬是一种溶酶体降解通道，其为存活，分化，发展和动态平衡所必需。

• that autophagy then set off a series of steps, which included releasing fatty acids, that resulted in the release of hunger signals, telling the brain that more food was needed.

  接着又开始引起了自噬现象，包括释放脂肪酸，而脂肪酸会释放饑饿信号告诉大脑需要更多的食物。

• in this review, we summarize the current methods available for detecting autophagy and for determining its contribution to cell death.

  在这篇综述中，我们总结了能用于检测细胞自噬的各种现代方法，以便确定细胞自噬对于细胞死亡的作用。

• three of the molecules that enhanced the growth-suppressing effects of rapamycin in yeast were also found to induce autophagy by themselves in mammalian cells independent of the action of rapamycin.

  在酵母中三个分子可以增强雷帕霉素对酵母的生长抑制，他们三个分子都可以诱导哺乳动物细胞自我吞噬，且不依赖于雷帕霉素。

• but it was thought that the brain was largely resistant to autophagy under these conditions.

  但却指出大脑在这些条件下大体是抵抗自噬现象的。

• mice without the genes needed for autophagy quickly develop parkinson」s-like symptoms.

  缺少这一基因的老鼠由于不能自吞噬很快也呈现出与帕金森癥类似的癥状。

• one of the compounds, an alkaloid called isorhy, induced autophagy for alpha-synuclein at a similar rate to a drug called rapamycin.

  其中一种组分是一种名为异钩藤堿（isorhy）的生物堿，其诱导共核蛋白自吞噬的速率和一种名为雷帕霉素（rapamycin）的药物相似。

• here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that link autophagy and the proteasome system, as well as the emerging roles of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-binding proteins in selective autophagy.

  在本文中，我们讨论了那些与细胞自噬以及蛋白酶体系统相关联的分子机制，并讨论了在选择性自噬作用中，泛素与泛素结合蛋白的新兴作用。

• cell ageing happens when a natural process called autophagy – a sort of cellular cannibalism whereby damaged cells or parts of cells are recycled – goes wrong.

  在一种被称作「自体吞噬」的自然过程出错的时候，细胞会逐渐老化。 这是一种细胞自相残杀的过程，细胞由此受损，或者有部分细胞重生。

• further testing found that isorhy activates autophagy through a different pathway to rapamycin, which may explain why it does not affect the immune system in the same way.

  进一步的研究表明异钩藤堿活化自吞噬的途径和雷帕霉素截然不同，同时这也解释了为什么它对免疫系统没有副作用。

• the ability to activate autophagy within these cells could prove invaluable in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.

  这种激活细胞自噬的能力对于神经系统变性疾病中的治疗意义重大。

• it is thought that clumps of alpha-synuclein accumulate because brain cells cannot remove them through autophagy – a type of programmed cell death.

  研究者认为，共核蛋白的大量积累是因为脑细胞不能通过自吞噬（一种细胞的程序性死亡）消除它们。

• there is a close relationship between autophagy and apoptosis during cell death.

  自噬与凋亡在细胞死亡过程中的关系十分密切。

• if the drugs can stimulate autophagy effectively over long-term periods in human brains, then they may have the potential to help delay the onset of huntington's disease.

  如果这些药物能够在人脑内长时间有效地刺激细胞自噬作用，那么他们或许具有抑制亨延顿舞蹈综合征发生的能力。

• autophagy reduces inflammation but at the same time permits the clearance of microbial infection.

  自噬可减轻炎癥反应，同时也允许清除导致感染的微生物。

• autophagy appears to involve an active participation of the vacuolar membranes .

  自体吞噬似乎与液泡膜的积极参加有关。