ideological evolution was very complicated then. upon the authors opinion, rationalistic neo confucianism and school of mind, which sprouted from traditional society, had no hope for recovery in fact.
从传统社会中萌生出来的理学、心学在当时事实上都已陷于绝境,唯一有希望的社会思想就是刚刚兴起不久的经世致用思想。