article 1 a 「tour dispute」 as mentioned in these provisions refers to a contractual dispute or a tort arising from a tour between a tourist and the tour operator or any tour assistant.
第一条本规定所称的旅游纠纷,是指旅游者与旅游经营者、旅游辅助服务者之间因旅游发生的合同纠纷或者侵权纠纷。
article 3 the parties shall choose a law or modify a choice of law governing a contractual dispute in an explicit manner.
第三条当事人选择或者变更选择合同争议应适用的法律,应当以明示的方式进行。
this is a valid guaranty for preventing contractual dispute in preselling commercial residential buildings, and it can effectively protect the legal advantages of the vendees.
这是预防商品房预售合同纠纷,切实保护买受人合法权益的有效保证。