polar bears living in a large southern edge of the arctic pack ice zone.
北极熊生活在有大片浮冰的北极南部边缘地带。
a sow polar bear rests with her cubs on the pack ice in the beaufort sea in alaska.
一只北极熊正和她的孩子们在冰面上休息。 摄于2008年阿拉斯加的波弗特海。
「the reason for not returning the penguin directly to antarctica is that emperor penguins of this age are usually found north of antarctica on pack ice and in the open ocean, 」 he said.
没有直接将企鹅送回南极洲的原因是这种年龄的帝企鹅经常活动在南极大陆北部的浮冰群和开阔海域活动。
the loss of pack ice also makes sea-transport in the arctic easier for longer periods each year.
北极的海上交通也因为浮冰的减少而变得更容易,并且一年之中的通航期变长了。
「40 years ago the pack ice was visible from the shore all year, but the latest 10-12 years it has changed dramatically and the last years there has been no ice visible at all in the summer, 」 he adds.
40年前岸边全年可见浮冰,但最近的10-12年发生了巨大变化,夏季已经看不到冰了。
captain cook proceeded south from africa and turned around after 18)encountering large amounts of floating pack ice (he came within 75 miles of antarctica).
库克船长从非洲向南航行,在遇到大量浮冰块后折返(他当时离南极洲不到75英里,约121千米)。
but as the annual winter sea ice boundary retreats farther south, pack ice penguins may ultimately find themselves trapped behind a curtain of polar night for which they have no hardwired strategy.
但随着冬季海冰边界不断向南撤退,喜欢在积冰上生活的企鹅也许最终会被困在极夜的黑幕中无法脱身。
icebergs are created when chunks of pack ice break free and float off into open sea.