Earlier studies had shown that the procedure reduces both prevalence and incidence in men, and observations had suggested it might have a beneficial effect in women, Tobian and colleagues noted.
Tobian及其同事注意到,早期的研究显示包皮环切术能减少男性HPV的流行及发生率,同时观察结果提示它对女性也可能有有益的影响。
The major distinction between prevalence and incidence is that prevalence includes both old and new cases.
流行程度和发病率最大的区别是流行程度包括新旧病例。
Our findings indicate that both current and former smokers have a higher prevalence and incidence of low back pain than never smokers, but the association is fairly modest.
研究结果显示:目前在吸烟和曾经吸烟的人发生腰痛的几率比没有吸烟的人高,但是是中等相关的。