in order to control the credit risk, standby letter of credit as a guarantee tool in the form of letter of credit is extensively applied in international economic activities.

为了有效地控制国际交易中的信用风险，备用信用证作为一种信用证形式的担保工具，在国际经济活动中得到广泛应用。

the thesis first reviews the definitions of a standby letter of credit given by the international government and america, and then concludes the definition.

本文首先通过国际组织和美国对备用信用证的相关陈述，得出了备用信用证的定义。

so you'd prefer a trust fund to the standby letter of credit facility.

看来你还是更倾向于采用信托基金来代替备用信用证便利。

compelled with the normal letter of credit and the letter of indemnity, the standby letter of credit is a kind of bank guarantee in the letter of credit form essentially.

与跟单信用证和保函相比较而言，备用信用证实质就是一种信用证形式的银行担保。

lessee shall pay to the lessor the lease free of 10%(ten percent ) of the face value to the standby letter of credit will be paid to intermediaries.

承租人须付给出租人租赁免费的 10%（10%）的票面价值为备用信用证支付中介机构。

partial drawings under this standby letter of credit are allowed.

此备用信用证项下允许分批提款。

this standby letter of credit is not transferable or assignable without our prior written consent.

未经我们事先允许本备用信用证不得转让和分配。

the paper makes a penetrating analysis of legal relations between parties of standby letter of credit to define explicitly rights and obligations of party of standby letter of credit.

文章通过对备用信用证当事人之间法律关系的深刻剖析，进而明确界定备用信用证当事人的权利和义务。

if a lawsuit involving international standby letter of credit is lodged to chinese court, how to fix on the applicable law?

我国法院在审理开证人与受益人之间的国际备用信用证纠纷案件中，是如何确定準据法的呢?。

chapter 1 defines the standby letter of credit .

第一章是备用信用证的界定。

the standby letter of credit was created by american bankers for purpose of evading the prohibitive law that banks should not provide guaranties for others.

美国的银行界为了规避法律不允许银行为第三人提供担保的规定而创立了备用证。

the standby letter of credit is quite different from bank guarantee and commercial documentary letter of credit in many aspects.

备用信用证与银行独立保证和跟单商业信用证在许多方面都有不同。

in order to control international trade risk effectively, independent guarantee and standby letter of credit come into being.

为了有效控制国际商务活动中的风险，独立担保和备用信用证出现了。

therefore, the standby letter of credit has been a hot issue in international research, especially after the international standby practices have been put into practice.

因此，备用信用证一直是国际上研究的热点问题之一，尤其是在《国际备用证惯例》出台之后。