in the current world, there exist two patterns on how to assume the liability for factual proof in administrate action: adversary system and exofficio system.
当今世界各国行政诉讼中对此大致有两种分担方式:辩论主义和职权探知主义。
full understanding of the american legal procedure will require our constant attention to the existence of the adversary system as well as critical analysis of its shortcomings.
美国法定程序充分理解 ,需要我们不断关注对手制度的存在以及其缺点的批判性分析。
adversary system and doctrine of function and power as two models of righteous procedure contain respectively the concept of 「centralism」 and the rank of 「binary opposites」.
当事人主义和职权主义作为正义程序的两种模式,分别蕴涵了两种「中心主义」理念和「二元对立」等级。
the adversary system is a means of seeking truth and justice.
对抗制是一种寻求真相与正义的方法。
when one reflects on the fact that under the adversary system victory often turns on factors other than the true merits of the case, there is reason to be skeptical about it.
当一个人的事实 ,在对抗制的胜利因素往往比事件的真实案情其他轮流反映,但有理由对此持怀疑态度。
the reasons for the prence of the adversary system are manifold.
为对抗制的普遍现象的原因是多方面的。
the bankruptcy administer plays a very important role in the bankruptcy procedure, no matter in judge-center system country or adversary system country.
破产管理人在破产程序中居于重要地位,这一点无论是强调法官中心主义还是强调当事人中心主义的破产立法中均概莫能外。
at the same time, adversary system in our country is different from continental genealogy of law's. to make the case clear, judge can investigate the fact beyond the litigation request.
同时,由于我国民事诉讼法的辩论原则不完全等同于大陆法系中的辩论主义原则,法官为了查明案件事实可以审查当事人诉讼请求以外的事项。
chapter one analyses the circumstances and the reasons leading to the formation of adversary system in the ancient rome, ancient germanic and the england before the norman conquest.
第一章以古罗马、古日耳曼和诺曼征服前英国为考察对象,剖析弹劾式诉讼形成的背景与原因。
this paper describes the following basic ideas:(1) implied waiver system based on equity theory and the adversary system of justice the parties have the right to dispose of their rights;
本文主要阐述了以下基本观点:(1)默示放弃制度以禁止反言的「公道」精神、当事人意思自治原则、当事人主义关于当事人有权处分自己权利为理论依据;
but the principle of adversary system as a fundamental principle, reflecting the principle of party-leading, has not established completely.
但是辩论原则这一保障当事人诉讼主体地位的民事诉讼基本原则在我国却仍然没有完全确立。
it is also necessary to respond to two kinds of queries regarding the concurrence of the objective obligation and the adversary system and its practical possibility.
初步回答了针对客观义务的两种质疑,即客观义务与对抗制的兼容和其现实可能性。
chapter four deals with the transition from the ancient adversary system to the modern one in england.
在英国,弹劾式的形式得以保留,最终演化为现代对抗式诉讼制度。