the energy required to separate particles from a molecule or atom or nucleus; equals the mass defect

this e term here is the energy, or in our case when we talk about an electron in a hydrogen atom, for example, the binding energy of that electron to the nucleus.

这里的“e“是指能量，或者在我们谈论一个,氢原子的电子时，举例来说，是电子对于原子核的结合能。

and we can use this equation here, this is just the equation for the ionization energy, which is the same thing as saying the negative of the binding energy rh squared r h over n squared.

这个仅仅是电离能的方程，它与结合能的负值，是一样的,等于有效的z的平方乘以,除以n的平方，that’s，equal，to，z，effective,所以。

so for n equals 2, what would the binding energy be?

对n等于2，结合能是多少？

and what we call the binding energy is this is what we saw on the last slide.

我们所说的束缚能,这个我们在上一张幻灯片中已经见过了。

and that「s going to be equal to the negative the binding energy of 2 s in b, in neutral boron.

它应该等于中性硼原子中,2，s，电子的束缚能的负值。

one such parameter is the binding energy of particles inside the nucleus i. e. the nucleons.

原子核的总结合能是指把原子核分开成为独立核粒子所需的能量。

what is the binding energy of the ground state electron in hydrogen?

氢在基态的情况下,它的电子结合能是多少？

for very thinsuperlattices the binding energy approaches a stable value.

对于极薄的超晶格，束缚能趋于一稳定值。

the spinar is a gigantic machine converting gravitational binding energy into electromagnetic radiation by means of rotation.

旋转体是一架通过自转把引力束缚能转换为电磁辐射的巨大机器。

and we know that n describes the total energy, that total binding energy of the electron, so the total energy is going to be equal to potential energy plus kinetic energy.

我们知道，n是描述总能量的，电子总的结合能，所以总能量，等于,势能加动能。

so we have the operationon the wave function in terms of r, theta, and phi and remember this e is just our binding energy for the electron, and we get back out this wave function.

我们用r，θ，φ来表示,将算符作用于波函数,而且记住e仅仅是电子结合能，然后后面加上波函数。

according to relativity, this gives the electrons higher effective masses, increasing their binding energy to the electrode that attracts them and thus their voltage.

根据相对论，这是因为铅电子具有较高的有效质量，提高了电极吸引它们的结合能，因此也就提高了电池的电压。

and, in fact, if any electron comes in their midst, they」ll capture it because the binding energy is so high.

事实上，如果电子从中间进来，它们会捕获它,因为束缚能是如此之大。

and remember again, the binding energy physically is the negative of the ionization energy, and that「s actually how you can experimentally check to see if this is actually correct.

电离能的负值，那个事实上是可以,通过实验来验证，它是否是对的,并且它等于负的。

and it should make sense where we got this from, because we know that the binding energy, if we」re talking about a hydrogen atom, what is the binding energy equal to?

很容易理解，我们怎么得到这个的，因为我们知道，结合能，如果，对氢原子来说，结合能等于什么？

we know that binding energy is always negative, ionization energy is always positive.

我们知道结合能，总是负的，电离能总是正的。

so we know that we're in the n equals 5 state, so we can find what the binding energy is here.

我们知道,我们在n等于5的态，我们可以找到结合能是多少。

it is found that the polaron binding energy increases with pressure.

结果表明：极化子结合能随外加压力增加。

the exciton binding energy and wave function are investigated as functions of well width and the impurity position.

我们有系统地研究激子的束缚能和量子井的宽度、以及杂质的位置的关系。

the greatest amount of nuclear binding energy per nucleon occurs for nuclei in the vicinity of iron.

按每个核子计，最大的核结合能量出现在铁附近的核中。