the study also found that autism rates among both identical and fraternal twins were higher than in the general population.
该研究还发现,自闭癥在同卵和异卵双胞胎中的发生率均高于一般人群。
first, we know that many parents make bad guesses about their children’s genetic connection—thinking that fraternal twins are actually identical ones, or vice versa.
首先,很多父母都没有把孩子们的基因联系搞清楚,认为异卵双胞胎是同卵双胞胎——或者刚好相反。
identical twins share identical genetic makeup, while fraternal twins are only as genetically similar as any two siblings.
同卵双胞胎具有相同的基因组成,而异卵双胞胎只是像其他任何两个兄弟姐妹一样基因相似。
「what this study showed was that the identical twins in a family were very similar in personality and in well-being, and by contrast, the fraternal twins were only around half as similar,」 bates said.
贝茨说:“该研究表明,同卵双胞胎的性格特征和快乐程度十分相似,然而,异卵双胞胎仅有约50%的相似度。
identical twins share all of their genes and fraternal twins share only about half.
同卵双胞胎的基因无缺无别,而异卵双胞胎唯有大约一半的基因无别。
identical twins raised apart, for example, have i.q.’s that are remarkably similar. they are even closer on average than those of fraternal twins who grow up together.
例如,同卵双胞胎分开长大后,智商仍旧非常相似,从平均情况看,甚至比一起长大的异卵双胞胎更加接近。
the researchers had 102 pairs of identical twins and 71 pairs of fraternal twins look at 20 different images of faces for about a second each.
研究人员让102同卵双胞胎和71对异卵双胞胎看20张不同面孔的图像,每张展示1秒钟。
the surprise came when stanford researchers found a greater number of fraternal twins shared autism than identical twins.
令斯坦福的研究者惊奇的是,后一种双胞胎共患自闭癥的情况更多。
the investigators then determined the differences in autism concordance rates between the identical and fraternal twins to estimate the contribution to autism of genes and of a shared environment.
研究者决定同卵和异卵双胞胎自闭癥一致几率的区别,估计自闭癥的病因是基因还是共享的环境。
fraternal twins share only half their genes with each other, thus, when both fraternal twins are autistic, it suggests factors other than genetics are at work.
异卵双胞胎仅有一半的基因相同*,然而,当异卵双胞胎都患有自闭癥时,就表明非基因因素在发挥作用。
identical twins are genetic duplicates, while fraternal twins share only about half their genes and are no more genetically alike than ordinary siblings are.
同卵双胞胎的基因完全一样;异卵双胞胎的基因只有一半完全一样;异卵双胞胎的基因恐怕并不比普通兄弟姐妹之间的基因更加相似。
to make matters more complicated, the precompiler gives these fraternal twins the same name, the name of the program, and they go down separate paths outside of db2’s control.
而让事情变得更复杂的是,预编译器会给这对双胞胎取同样的名称,与程序名一样,它们位于db2控制范围之外的不同路径。
the fraternal twins have genetic differences.
异卵双生胎的则存在基因差异。