rousseau accuses hobbes (and all other philosophers before himself) of attributing to mankind in the state of nature only characteristics of mankind in a state of civilization.
鲁索指控霍布斯(以及所有在他之前的哲学家)将人性特点只归因于文明的状况,忽视人性在自然下的状态。
this would be still as great a liberty, as he himself had before his compact, or any one else in the state of nature hath, who may submit himself, and consent to any acts of it if he thinks fit.
这样他的自由就会仍然像在订立契约以前他所享有的或在自然状态中的任何人所享有的自由一样大,因为他可以在他人为合适时才服从和同意社会的任何行为。
rousseau accuses other philosophers before himself of attributing to mankind in the state of nature only characteristics of mankind in a state of civilization. how adequate is the accusation?
卢梭抨击以前的哲学家,指责他们一昧以人类文明特徵作为对人类自然状态的讨论,他的攻击是否适切?
in kant, this universality goes so far that the wild man of the woods, man in the state of nature and the bourgeois are all contained in the same definition and have the same fundamental qualities.
在康德的思想中这种普遍性是如此的广泛,以致森林中的野人,即还处于原始状态中的人,以及布尔乔亚阶级的人都包括到这同样的定义中去,而且具有相同的基本性质。
this study is in the state of nature without any intervention.
本研究在自然状态下进行,对锻炼者不采用任何干预措施。