the etch-stop phenomenon as a result of galvanic cell formation is verified by the wafer-level chip and the separated electrodes experiments.
用分立电极实验和芯片级实验验证了原电池钝化引起的腐蚀自停止现象。
by insulating flange at the junction between the new and old pipe, the long line galvanic cell is 「broken up」- the anode (new pipe) is electrically separated from the cathode (old pipe).