The theoretical particles that mediate gravity, known as gravitons, may also be closed loops of string that leak off into the bulk.
理论上的粒子,例如传递引力的引力子,也可能泄漏进入主体, 形成弦的闭合回路。
But they may easily produce low viscosities and high fluid leak off from the fracture at high temperature, which limit their applications to hydraulic fracturing and fracture-packing treatments.