and fact presumption and legal presumption should be distinguished and analyzed in their effect and concrete procedure design.
同时事实推定和法律推定在效力上、在具体程序设计上都应当区别加以分析。
from perspective of 「substantial truth」, the application of legal presumption in criminal litigation needs to meet certain conditions, while fact presumption prohibits the application.
在「实质真实」视角下,刑事诉讼中法律推定的适用需要满足一定的条件,事实推定则应禁止适用。
the traditional view in the academic circle classifies presumptions into legal presumption and actual presumption.