the region of Africa south of the Sahara Desert

During the colonial period, French laws were planted into Black Africa in two ways. On the one hand, some French laws were directly applied in French African colonies;

殖民时期，法国法主要通过两种方式移植到黑非洲：一是法国法直接在非洲殖民地适用；

The choice between using mother language or European languages to create made the nationalist authors of Black Africa fall into cultural predicament of language.

运用本民族语言还是运用欧洲语言进行创作，黑非洲的民族主义作家们普遍陷入了语言选择的文化困境。

In this dissertation the author tried to start with the nation development to analyse and reveal historical roots of the contradiction and conflict among clans in Black Africa after the Cold War.

本文试图从民族演进的角度入手，分析和揭示冷战后该地区部族矛盾和沖突爆发的历史根源。

After the Cold War, the clan conflict problem of Black Africa became the focus in academia. Scholars have analysed the causes of conflicts from the perspective of economy, society, and culture.

冷战后，黑非洲的部族沖突问题成为学术界关注的焦点，学者们纷纷从经济、社会、文化等不同的角度分析沖突爆发的原因。

The nationalist literature has been being the main stream of Black Africa and past four stages generally.

民族主义文学一直是黑非洲文学的主流，它大体经历了四个时期。

On observing the modernization process in Black Africa during the 20th century, two cognitions can be reached.

对20世纪黑非洲现代化进程的两点认识刘鸿武20世纪即将过去。

It showed Arab countries aided Black Africa in the aspects of funds, goods and materials even more. Black Africa supported Arab countries in the aspects of politics, morality and justice mainly.

阿拉伯国家更多地在资金和物资上援助黑非国家，黑非洲主要在政治和道义上支持阿拉伯世界。